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Le Corbusier in the USSR
Le Corbusier had a short relationship with the Soviet Union, starting with his first trip to Moscow in 1928, and ending with the rejection of his proposal for the Palace of the Soviets in 1932. Nevertheless, the short-lived relationship had consequences that went beyond Le Corbusier’s time in the USSR. Before his trip to Moscow, Le Corbusier was already an influential figure within the Soviet field of architecture. In 1922, Moisei Ginzburg, founder of the Constructivist movement, published materials from Le Corbusier’s “Towards a New Architecture,” and in 1924 published his own book, similar to Le Corbusier’s, titled ''Style and Epoch'', which became to a central text to the Constructivist movement. Likewise, Corbusier’s projects were frequently published and analyzed as examples for the young generation of Soviet architects to use as inspiration. When Le Corbusier died in 1965, the official newspaper of the Soviet Union, Pravda, stated in its obituary, “Modern architecture has lost its greatest master.” This statement suggests the importance of Le Corbusier’s architecture and urbanism in the Soviet Union.
==1928 trip==
In 1928, Le Corbusier was invited to participate in a closed competition, which included Peter Behrens, Max Taut, and the Vesnin brothers, for the new headquarters of the Central Union of Consumer Cooperatives in Moscow. Having been recently humiliated and enraged by the rejection of his proposal for the Headquarters for the League of Nations in Geneva, he welcomed the invitation eagerly. After winning the competition, Le Corbusier in October 1928 traveled to the Soviet Union for the first time in order to inspect the site for the Tsentrosoyuz building, that he had been commissioned to build. Before setting off to Moscow, Le Corbusier had already built a considerable interest in the “New Russia.” Back in Paris, for example, Le Corbusier frequented the “Amis de Spartacus” film club, which projected banned Soviet avant-garde films, like Sergei Eisenstein’s Battleship Potemkin. On his way to Moscow, Le Corbusier had set his objective in building a movement around his ideas, familiarizing himself with Soviet architectural production, and to test the atmosphere of Moscow, all of which he was able to achieve. Indeed, when he arrived, Pravda heralded his arrival on its front page. On October 13, David Arkin from Pravda announced, “To Moscow has come Le Corbusier, the most brilliant representative of today’s advanced architectural thought in Europe.”〔Cohen, 41〕 In Moscow, Sergei Eisenstein himself met him; at the Polytechnic Museum, Le Corbusier gave a lecture to a packed room of enthusiasts. His fame and influence in the Soviet Union was very much apparent, and this satisfied the Swiss architect. As he wrote in his diary, “My works have passed the blockade. I am very well known, very popular. My lectures are held before a packed assembly."〔Cohen, 42〕 Having met his first objective, he set to familiarize himself with the Russian atmosphere and architecture.
While in the USSR, Le Corbusier had a young Moscow architecture student named Sergei Kozhin, a former assistant to Ivan Zholtovsky, as his official guide. Besides assisting the Swiss architect with the work for the commission of the Tsentrosoyuz, Kozhin would also introduce Le Corbusier to Russian society. Kozhin took Le Corbusier to the Russian countryside, to a village sixty-five kilometers from Moscow, where Le Corbusier had a first hand account of the conditions of the peripheries of Soviet society as well as traditional Russian wooden architecture. This face-to-face contact would later allow him to write off Soviet society as incapable and unprepared to appreciate modern architecture when his design for the Palace of the Soviets was rejected in 1932.〔Starr, 211〕 The rejection, as he saw it, was inevitable, as the Russian popular attitude was not ready for modernist architecture.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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